Site Characteristics

Sunlight:

• part shade

Soil conditions:

• requires acid soil
• requires damp soil
• requires high fertility
• Tolerates poor drainage

Prefers moist, acidic, rich soil. Without proper soil and light, plants remain stunted and may not flower.

Hardiness zones:

• 3 to 8

Plant Traits

Lifecycle: perennial

Ease-of-care: easy

Height: 5 to 8 feet

Spread: 2 to 4 feet

Bloom time:

• mid-summer
• late summer

Flower color: white

Foliage color: dark green

Foliage texture: medium

Shape:

• cushion, mound or clump
• upright

Forms clumps of fern-like foliage followed by upright flower spikes.

Shape in flower: flower stalks with upright spikes

Very tiny blooms create a big effect clustered along stems which may be either erect or arching.

Special Considerations

Special characteristics:

• deer resistant
• non-aggressive
• non-invasive
• native to North America - Native to eastern North America
• fragrant - Blooms have an unpleasant odor.
• bears ornamental fruit - The seedpods are attractive in arrangments or as winter interest in the garden.

Special uses:

• wildflowers
• bog garden - Suitable for margins
• naturalistic garden

Growing Information

Varieties