Site Characteristics

Sunlight:

• part shade

Soil conditions:

• requires well-drained soil
• requires high fertility

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions, except for very wet or very dry. Performs best in rich soil that is moist but well-drained.

Hardiness zones:

• 3 to 8

Plant Traits

Lifecycle: perennial

Ease-of-care: easy

Height: 1.5 to 3 feet

Spread: 1 to 1.5 feet

Bloom time:

• early summer
• mid-summer

Flower color: yellow

Pale yellow with brown spotting/veining

Foliage color: dark green

Foliage texture: medium

Shape: cushion, mound or clump

Clump-forming.

Shape in flower:

• flower stalks with upright spikes
• flower stalks with flowers as cups

Flowers borne along erect stems.

Special Considerations

Special characteristics:

• deer resistant
• non-aggressive - Will self-seed under favorable conditions.
• non-invasive
• not native to North America - Native to central and southern Europe, Siberia and Asia Minor

Special uses:

• cut flowers

Growing Information

Varieties